How to Get a Scholarship for Your PSAT Score

Maybe youve heard about the PSAT/NMSQT test and maybe you havent. For many high school sophomores and juniors out there, when you sit for the exam in October, you dont prepare in any way. You show up and take the test. But with PSAT scholarships on the line, thats a big mistake. Huge! Your PSAT score can earn you big bucks for college, and with rising tuition costs across the board, every single dollar you can add to your college savings account is going to help. Heres how to get a scholarship for your PSAT score that can put cash in your savings account for the university of your choice.   Get Your Name on the Student Search Service List After your guidance counselor registers you for the PSAT/NMSQT  and you take the exam on your assigned PSAT test date, youll have the option to select Yes under the Student Search Service heading when youre filling out information the PSAT test. This will allow more than  1,200 colleges, universities, scholarship programs, and educational organizations to get your information and contact you should you qualify for one of their scholarships. Some organizations who partner with the College Board, the makers of the PSAT test, are listed below. I know that signing up seems like a double-edged sword. Great! My inbox will be filled emails from colleges. However. Scholarships are  out  there and go unclaimed every  year. There is money waiting for you. Why not deal with a little bit of email for the opportunity of some cash? Plus, you can opt out the the Student Search Service any time you want. The National Merit Scholarship Program One of the scholarships available to you via the Student Search Service is the National Merit Scholarship. The National Merit Scholarship Corporation uses the PSAT as an initial screening for this award. Hence, the PSAT is the National Merit Scholarship Qualifying Test (NMSQT). Its a tough one to earn as youll need to score in the upper 95th – 99th percentile on the PSAT to even be considered, but its definitely available for those top scorers. This is why youll prepare, right? Right. Heres more information about the National Merit Scholarship.   Institutions Granting Scholarships Specifically for Minority Students There are a ton of opportunities available when you sign up via the SSS on the PSAT, especially if youre a minority student. Please remember that minority students can mean a diverse range of ideas. Some of these organizations offer scholarships to minorities outside of race or ethnicity. For instance, young women, lgbtq students, and those with differing abilities can apply, as well. Before you dismiss one of these scholarships, do your research. You may actually be able to apply to many of these institutions granting scholarships based in part on your PSAT score.   American Indian Graduate Center:  This group offers scholarships for a whole range of things: financial need, high achievement in academics (ding, ding, ding! PSAT!), involvement in the community, involvement in a tribe, diversity, athleticism, creativity, a specific field (education, engineering, etc.), and a ton more.Asian and Pacific Islander American Scholarship Fund: This institution has partnered with a ton of different organizations and businesses like The Gates Foundation, ATT, Coca-Cola, FedEx, and many more to give cash to minority students. Some of these are actually not specific  for API students! Check to see if you apply!Hispanic Scholarship Fund:  This group offers the Gates Millennium Scholarship and the HSF General Scholarship to students of Hispanic heritage. You could win between $500 and $5,000!  Jack Kent Cooke Foundation:  If youre a high-achieving student and want to attend an elite university, but dont have the funds, then this scholarship that partn ers with the College Board may be able to help.  United Negro College Fund:  Of all of the websites you should visit, this is one of the best, even if you do not identify yourself as an African American student. I searched for scholarships for Caucasian males with households earning $80-$100 K and a mid-range GPA and still found three scholarships for which this person could apply. Check it out! Practice for the PSAT/NMSQT Its not just a test. Its a means to an ends. It can help you earn the cash you need to attend school. Be smart and dont blow this one off!

The Extraordinary Jimi Hendrix Essay - 2402 Words

The extraordinary performances, recording, and lyrics of James Marshall Hendrix have made him impossible to forget. This American rock music guitarist made a legendary mark not only in the history of rock n roll but also on the pop culture as a whole (Ross 32). With unique techniques never seen before and blatant sex-related performances on stage, he became one of the most influential music figures of the 60s (Kamin). Hendrix was not born into stardom nor was it given to him by any means. He strived all throughout his life to be the very best. Johnny Allen Hendrix was born on November 27, 1942 in Seattle, Washington to Al and Lucille Hendrix, and not until four years later did his father change his sons name to James Marshall†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, he never was able to get Richard to realize his talents, so he abandoned Richards tour in St. Louis (Wolters, Pre-Experience). After aimlessly wandering for awhile, Hendrix found himself in Atlanta and once again teamed up with Little Richard. The tour brought them to Los Angeles where he then went in his own direction. He hooked up with Richard for a third time during the summer of 1964 to record an album in which he again felt confined as being only a backup to Little Richard (Wolters, Pre-Experience). Hendrix later joined the budding musician Arthur Lee, but the partnership did not last long as he once again set out in search of his own identity (Wolters, Pre-Experience). He embarked as a traveling musician for various tours backing such artists as Ike and Tina Turner, Muddy Waters, Elmore James, B.B. King, Chuck Berry, King Curtis, Solomon Burke, Chuck Jackson, Jackie Wilson, and several others (Wolters, Hendrix). On his next endeavor, he teamed up with saxophonist Lonnie Youngblood. The pair was short-lived as Hendrix soon split, and his adventurous spirit ended him up in New York where he rented a small, cheap apartment and drifted from job to dead-end job (Wolters, Pre-Experience). The spring of 1964 brought better luck to Hendrix. Ronnie Isley of the IsleyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Jimi Hendrix1489 Words   |  6 Pages This future guitar master went by the name of Jimi, Jimi Hendrix. His childhood was not very fortunate, however, he did indulge himself in one particular way: Jimi loved to play the guitar. Jimi could never afford to take lessons so he taught himself. At first he played an old acoustic guitar, and later a cheap Silvertone electric. Both of these guitars were both strung for a lefty on a right-handed guitar, one of the defining Hendrix traits. Jimi would have preferred to play a guitar that was madeRead More Psychedelic Music, Its Origins, and Its Effects on Music Today1397 Words   |  6 Pagessynthesizing lysergic acid for possible use to help migraines. On his twenty-fifth try, he made LSD-25, and after his work he began to feel dizzy. He assumed he had the flu, so he went home. â€Å"I perceived an uninterrupted stream of fantastic p ictures, extraordinary shapes with intense kaleidoscopic play of colors,† Hofmann wrote in his biography LSD, My Problem Child. â€Å"After some two hours, this condition faded away.† He then knew that it was not the flu that made him dizzy, so he tried LSD again and gotRead MoreMusic And The Way It Makes Us Feel1661 Words   |  7 Pageswork, Because My Father Always Said He Was the Only Indian Who Saw Jimi Hendrix Play ‘The Star-Spangled Banner’ at Woodstock,† is the theme of music. Its presence is a faint drumbeat of life, felt throughout the piece. It not only accompanies moments of sorrow, such as when the narrator listens to music while he is longing for his father, but encompasses every variation of emotion available to man, and because of its extraordinary influence on the characters, it takes on human qualities. Through musicRead MoreJimi Hendrix3785 Words   |  16 PagesJimi Hendrix: Reflections of the Man Through the Development of His Albums James McGuire UWC 4, Hampton November 4, 1996 On November 27, 1942,Jimi Hendrix was born as John Allen Hendrix in Washington at Seattle General Hospital. His childhood was not a privileged one, however, he did indulge himself in one particular way: Jimi loved to play the guitar. At first he played an old acoustic, and later a cheap Silvertone electric, which were both strung for a lefty on a right-handed guitar, oneRead More 1960-19701279 Words   |  6 PagesPresident Kennedy was assassinated in 1963, but in 1969 the President Kennedy’s promise was kept as Apollo XI landed on the moon and Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the Moon. It is difficult to determine whether the most extraordinary innovation of 20th-century art was Cubism or Pop Art. Both arose from a rebellion against an accepted style: the Cubists thought Post-Impressionist artists were too tame and limited, while Pop Artists thought the Abstract Expressionists pretentiousRead More The Rose - Janis Joplin and the Lonely Sixties Essay2041 Words   |  9 Pagessticks strongly in my own mind are the passings of many great individuals -- the assassinations of John and Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King Jr., and Malcom X. The second half of the decade marks itself with the untimely deaths of rock legends Jimi Hendrix, Jim Morrison, and the subject of this essay -- Janis Joplin. [2] After the fifties, Americans were emotionally dead. During the next decade the population would search again for the â€Å"grand ideals† of democracy. The American people wereRead MoreBiography of Jim Morrison618 Words   |  3 PagesCurtis, David Gahan, Henry Rollins, Ian Astbury, Perry Farrell, Scott Weiland, Trent Reznor, Eddie Vedder, Jude Rawlins, Ville Valo, Sully Erna, The Blood, Siouxsie Sioux, and Jeff Martin. There were many great rock and roll artists out their like Jimi Hendrix, Led Zeppelin, Janice Joplin, Keith Richards. But there was something different about Jim Morrison; his poetry was astonishing along with his music lyrics. Morrison was that guy that would push things to the limit, just to see what would happenRead MoreThe Lone Ranger And Tonto In Heaven By Sherman Alexie978 Words   |  4 PagesFistfight in Heaven by Sherman Alexie illustrates the lives of modern Native Americans on the Spokane Indian Reservation and their hardships, which include despair, alcoholism, and poverty. Tribal members hold high hopes for the young who have extraordinary talent while doubting that they will achieve success and watching them succumb to alcoholism. These stories, while sad and gloomy, are told with humor and wit, making the stories bearable to the reader. The grabbing title came to Alexie in a dreamRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Time1159 Words   |  5 Pagesrebellion, that hints that the world was not as free and liberal. This shows another side of the 1960s where the establishment angered the youth. 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Aboriginal Culture Free Essays

The Indigenous aboriginal people are one of a kind they mostly reside in Australia both the mainland and the Island Tasmania. The Aboriginals were indigenous to the continent and has resided there since the late sass’s. There are over 400 different tribes wealth the Aboriginal culture and they all have deferent dialects, and languages. We will write a custom essay sample on Aboriginal Culture or any similar topic only for you Order Now Communication amongst the Aboriginal people is much different they use terms such as full blood or half caste meaning not of the same biological parents. Mainly they use terms within their specific tribe so that outsiders are not able to butt in on personal business. Terms like â€Å"Aborigine†, and â€Å"Aborigines† are of offense and are terms used in connection to harsh times of enslavement. It is disrespectful to mention a deceased person’s name for up to two weeks after death following their cultural guidelines. Time orientation is not of great importance in Aboriginal culture as it is in Western civilization. The Aboriginal people use the position of the sun and he closeness of the season to tell time weather. Personal space is not of great importance either. Men usually address men and then are either invited or ask to address the woman. Social roles are very Important as the Aboriginals lead by elders, Elders lead the community and If Ill the entire village will participate In caring for the elder whether personal related or not. When entering a room it is respectful to address the elder first and then males and lastly females. Religion is based upon little God’s. The Aboriginals believe that everything in life is made from the earth such as serpents used to create pathways for the people. Health beliefs are looked upon as any ill person is sick by sin. Their belief is that a person who has a disease is being punished by a God for some kind of sin committed. Health practices are preferred to be done holistically. Due to the fact that they believe everything is from the earth they also believe that the cure shall come from the earth. Health Issues such as cardiovascular diseases, mental health, diabetes, cancers, and Injuries are mall health concerns within their culture. The dietary preferences for the Aboriginals are not of Importance because they are very poor and almost all foods come from the grubs and bushes. Foods like berries, fish. Nuts, and wild game are main course meals. Both the mainland and the island Tasmania. The Aboriginals were indigenous to the tribes within the Aboriginal culture and they all have different dialects, and address the woman. Social roles are very important as the Aboriginals lead by elders, Elders lead the community and if ill the entire village will participate in caring the earth they also believe that the cure shall come from the earth. Health issues such as cardiovascular diseases, mental health, diabetes, cancers, and injuries are main health concerns within their culture. The dietary preferences for the Aboriginals are not of importance because they are very poor and almost all foods come from the grubs and bushes. How to cite Aboriginal Culture, Papers

El Nino free essay sample

# 8211 ; Persuasive Letter Essay, Research Paper El Ni O, it was learned, is every bit much an atmospheric event as an pelagic 1. The air currents and the Waterss communicate with each other halfway around the universe. ( Johnson ) In a normal twelvemonth, the trade air currents blow from South America to Asia, forcing warm H2O to the far reaches of the western equatorial Pacific. During an El Ni O, this pool of warm H2O sloshes across the Pacific to Peru as the normal air currents weaken. The warmer-than-normal H2O adds heat and wet to the air above it, making cumulonimbuss and a typical storm path with far-reaching effects. ( Johnson ) El Ni O is a mass of warm H2O now in the southern Pacific. It is holding a planetary impact on the conditions. The warm H2O increases the H2O vapour over the Pacific and the Earth s normal conditions form. The consequence: heavy rains in the normally dry Southwest and fires in the drought-stricken rain woods of Malaysia. ( Jarvinen ) El Ni O is a seasonal ocean current that flows southerly along the seashore of northern Peru, it is frequently associated with atmospheric alterations. Scientists by and large refer to El Ni O and its related phenomena as the El Ni o-Southern Oscillation ( ENSO ) . The current itself is warm, nutrient-poor, and comparatively low in salt. Its name ( Spanish, # 8220 ; the kid # 8221 ; ) is derived from its reaching during the Christmas season. This current is most good developed from January to March, and it normally penetrates merely a few grades south of the equator before meeting with the northward-flowing Peru Current. El Ni O is an extension of the eastward-flowing equatorial rip. It turns south along the seashore of Ecuador. Every four to five old ages, in an lone partly understood rhythm that appears to integrate a 2-year subcycle, a weakening of usually strong southeasterly trade air currents allows the El Ni o current to widen farther South. Water temperatures rise several g rades above norm, with ruinous consequences. ( Katcher ) The higher temperature along the seashore kills planktonic beings and fish, therefore harming the major fishing industry in the country ; of import guano-producing birds starve or abandon their nests. The higher temperature besides causes increased vaporization, which in bend green goodss excessive rainfall on some land countries. A major ENSO perturbation affects other ocean-current forms and causes widespread climatic alterations over the Western Hemisphere and even Europe and Asia, every bit good as over the southern Pacific Ocean. Disastrous implosion therapy and drouths may ensue in some countries. Research workers have developed theoretical accounts of tropical ocean-atmosphere interactions that enable them to successfully foretell ENSO fluctuations and better prognosis climatic perturbations. ( Arbarbanel ) ( Fullmer ) El Ni O is a periodic, weather-disrupting status in the tropical Pacific, in which westward-blowing trade air currents weaken, leting warm H2O to drive E to South America. ( Livezey ) El Ni O is a big pool of remarkably warm H2O that appears approximately every three to four old ages in the cardinal and eastern Pacific Ocean along the equator. ( Fullmer ) The abnormally warm H2O causes a large addition in rainfall in cardinal and southern South America, E Africa, and the cardinal and eastern tropical Pacific. El Ni o created drouth in Indonesia, Australia and the western tropical Pacific, Central America and the Caribbean. ( Fullmer ) Actually, the size of El Ni o doesn t alteration much from episode to episode but its strength does and that s what affairs. The strength affairs because if it is really strong, it has the possible to convey monolithic rainstorms that could do many inundations. It besides matters because it has the capableness to bring forth monolithic hurricanes. If the El Ni O is weak, so the effects are less and make non do as much harm. El Ni o s rhythm is really irregular. For case, there were a figure of really strong El Ni os between 1900 and 1920, a few in the early 1940s, and several per decennary from the late fiftiess to the present, but merely really weak 1s in the periods between. The last decennary and a half have been a peculiar active period for strong El Ni os. ( Weisser ) Way back in the 1500s, fishermen in Peru noticed that remarkably warm coastal currents reduced their anchovy landings. At the same clip, local husbandmans noticed the heating coincided with increased rainfall. Fantastic gardens sprung from bare waterless lands in some parts, and the old ages were called # 8220 ; a os de abundancia # 8221 ; # 8211 ; old ages of copiousness in Spanish. In other parts, torrential rains brought ruin. ( Johnson ) The warming frequently peaked around Christmas so the current was nicknamed # 8216 ; El Ni o # 8217 ; # 8211 ; the Christ kid in Spanish. The late eightiess fascinated a few scientists fascinated by the phenomenon. From the seamans logs and husbandmans # 8217 ; farmers calendar, it was impossible to patch together the El Ni o narrative or even to specify a normal twelvemonth in rainfall and H2O temperature. It was impossible to patch together the El Ni O narratives because they did non compose down adequate information that was accurate, every clip El Ni O occurred. ( Johnson ) Peruvian fisherman foremost noticed it during Christmas over 200 old ages ago. El Ni O is a periodic and immense, phenomenon. This twelvemonth # 8217 ; s is one and half times the size of the United States, has adequate H2O to make full the Great Lakes 30 times over and has 93 times the energy Americans extracted from fossil fuels in 1995. ( Wilson ) No 1 knows when the first El Ni O occurred, but ice-core records from the Andes in Peru suggest these clime fluctuations have been portion of Earth # 8217 ; s weather rhythm for 1000s of old ages. Some scientists speculate the disorderly conditions forms began when glaciers stopped withdrawing and sea degrees stabilized some 5,000 old ages ago. Others believe they have identified El Ni o signatures 100s of 1000s of old ages old in coral growing rates. ( Johnson ) Indirectly, the warm current besides crashed the local guano industry, which sold the nutrient-packed sea bird dungs for fertiliser. Seabirds had either starved or migrated with the anchovies to colder fish-filled Waterss, go forthing the local stones guano-free. ( Johnson ) Interest in El Ni O rekindled in 1972-73, when a monster-sized heating event rolled across Peru, fall ining its anchovy piscary, so the largest in the universe. As the financial effects of a fishmeal deficit rippled around the Earth, the monetary value of protein options such as soya beans skyrocketed. Domestic fowl husbandmans in the United States passed their glide provender costs on to consumers, raising retail poulet monetary values 40 per centum. This was the sort of scientific discipline that interested Wall Street. ( Johnson ) Despite the advancement, Mother Nature played mayhem with scientists # 8217 ; apprehension of the boisterous phenomenon in 1982, when a monster-sized El Ni o turn over across the Pacific with wildly unexpected effects. It was to day of the month the largest, most intense El Ni O in modern times. Farmers in Peru were up to their orbs in rain. Fires scorched Borneo. Droughts hit Australia. An estimated 2,000 people died. All told, the harm estimations ranged from $ 8 billion to $ 13 billion. ( Johnson ) El Ni O is back and no 1 has put out the welcome mat. This twelvemonth is expected to be stronger and more destructive than the 1982-83 event that cost the universe over 8 billion dollars. Scientists continue to document and analyze past events to derive a better apprehension of the phenomenon. It # 8217 ; s no simple undertaking because no two El Ni os are likewise and each occurs at irregular intervals runing from two to ten old ages. El Ni O caused the anchovy population along the Peruvian seashore to drop from 20 million to 2 million in 1972-73. This in bend reduced the figure of marine birds who fed on the anchovy. In 1982-83 the strongest El Ni O of the century occurred. Weather-related catastrophes hit all five continents. In 1991-92, the sum of harm was numbering over eight billion dollars. There were terrible drouths in tropical topographic points and major implosion therapy in the Upper Mississippi Valley. A big figure of hurricanes occurred in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbea n Sea and Gulf of Mexico. ( Livezey ) In other words, 1997-1998 El Ni O may be the biggest in 150 old ages, some scientists predict. ( Livezey ) The first hints were found in the 1920s by the British scientist Sir Gilbert Walker who discovered that there was a connexion between barometric readings at Stationss on the eastern and western sides of the Pacific. He noticed that when force per unit area rises in the E, it normally falls in the West, and frailty versa. Sir Gilbert dramatized this procedure by mentioning to it as the # 8220 ; Southern Oscillation # 8221 ; . The Southern Oscillation plays an of import function in the behaviour of predominating air currents in the equatorial Pacific. When the force per unit area is high in the eastern Pacific and low in the western Pacific, surface air currents are driven toward the West along the equator from the Galapagos Islands about all the manner to Indonesia. This is said to be a # 8220 ; high-index # 8221 ; ( strong gradient ) status. When the force per unit area oscillates back to a # 8220 ; low-index # 8221 ; ( weak gradient ) status, the eastern surface winds weaken. Walker noticed that Asiatic monsoon seasons under low index conditions are frequently linked to drought in Australia, Indonesia, India, and parts of Africa and mild winters in western Canada. Old ages subsequently, research workers learned that desert islands in the cardinal equatorial Pacific receive small or no rainfall, except for low-index old ages when they experience torrential rains for months. Hence, Walker # 8217 ; s Southern Oscillation is besides linked to dramatic alterations in tropical rainfall. It wasn # 8217 ; t until the late sixtiess that the connexion between Walker # 8217 ; s Southern Oscillation and El Ni O was made. Some 50 old ages after Walker # 8217 ; s observations, the Norse professor Jacob Bjerknes at the University of California was the first to see a connexion between remarkably warm sea-surface temperatures, the weak east winds, and heavy rainfall that accompany low-index conditions in the equatorial Pacific. It is now good accepted that a low-index Southern Oscillation status is associated with El Ni O, frequently referred to as â€Å"ENSO† to stress the connexion. ( Livezey ) The conveyance of H2O, and hence heat, by the air currents in the equatorial Pacific is cardinal to understanding the mechanics of an El Ni O. The eastern air currents that blow along the equator and the southeasterly air currents that blow along the Peru and Ecuador seashores entrain surface H2O along with them. The Earth # 8217 ; s rotary motion deflects the surface currents northerly in the Northern Hemisphere and due south in the Southern Hemisphere due to what is known as the Coriolis Effect. The surface Waterss are hence deflected off from the equator in both waies and off from the coastline. Where the surface H2O moves off, colder, nutrient-rich H2O comes up from below to replace it, a phenomenon known as upwelling. Both the equatorial upwelling and the coastal upwelling are concentrated in narrow parts less than 160 km broad. When the air currents are blowing strongly, this set of cold H2O takes the signifier of a typical # 8220 ; cold lingua # 8221 ; widening westward alo ng the equator from the South American seashore all the manner to the international date line. This characteristic can be observed utilizing infrared satellite imagination, which measures the H2O temperature, and satellite altimetry, which measures the comparative depression in sea degree in parts of upwelling. ( Allen ) During an El Ni o twelvemonth, the east winds blow strongly for a figure of months, the thermocline about reaches the surface in the eastern equatorial Pacific, and tremendous volumes of warm surface H2O build-up in the West # 8230 ; so the air currents weaken # 8230 ; all of that energy has to travel someplace. First, the eastern air currents begin to withdraw eastward. As the air current retreats, equatorial upwelling lessenings, cut downing the supply of foods to come up dwellers. Sea degree beads in the West and rises in the E as warm surface H2O surges eastward along the equator in the signifier of a pulsation. When this pulsation of comparatively warm H2O reaches the eastern terminal of the basin, typically a few months subsequently, it is forced to turn northerly and southerly along the seashore, doing pilchards and other species of fish to travel, and raising sea degree as it goes. These effects have been felt as far north as Canada and as far south as cardinal Chile. As th e moist air above the ocean warms, deep clouds are formed which produce heavy rain along the equator, switching of all time eastward. Atmospheric force per unit area adjusts consequently. Barometers fall over the cardinal and eastern Pacific and rise over Indonesia and Australia, ensuing in farther weakening and eastbound retreat of the east winds, merely as Sir Gilbert Walker observed about 75 old ages ago. Scientists now know that the annihilating effects of El Ni O are non merely confined to the equatorial Pacific, but throughout the Americas, and possibly beyond. We are merely get downing to appreciate how monolithic these catastrophes are. ( Allen ) The job of observing planetary heating has been well complicated. This is because some analyses have suggested that some of the characteristics of the planetary heating pelagic signature resemble El Ni O. Picking these two apart in the records is slippery although some success has been achieved so far. Global warming s impact on El Ni o itself is non clear either because recent work has suggested that there are feedback effects in the Torrid Zones that offset some of the heating at the equator. ( Arbarbanel ) The Atlantic hurricane season was a batch less blowy than usual, and El Ni O is the ground. Three hurricanes blew in from the Atlantic during a storm season that ended Sunday. The norm is six, while the National Hurricane Center chased a brawny 17 hurricanes in the Pacific, it merely watched seven named storms in the Atlantic. ( Neely ) Precipitation was above normal in November, but non remarkably wet. Seasonal per centums were by and large the highest in the Central Valley and in coastal countries, with some intense storms reported in the South Coast part early December. ( Wilson ) As of Dec. 22, rainfall was 116 per centum of normal in Eureka, 163 per centum in Sacramento, 185 per centum in San Francisco, 127 per centum in Fresno, 189 per centum in Bakersfield, 231 per centum in Santa Barbara, 147 per centum in Los Angeles and 76 per centum in San Diego. ( Neely ) The snow battalion near Donner Summit, West of Lake Tahoe, was under 40 inches compared with more than 110 inches in late December 1982, when a old El Ni o event gave California a record moisture season. ( Fullmer ) As of mid-December, multipurpose reservoirs in the Central Valley had more than 7 million acre-feet of inundation control infinite, more than 2 million more than required. Statewide river overflow is about 80 per centum of norm for this clip of the twelvemonth. ( Katcher ) The National Weather Service said that this twelvemonth s warming in the tropical Pacific could take to Christmas snow in Texas, New Mexico, the Mississippi vale, even as far south as Mexico. ( Neely ) The Thai Interior Ministry, meanwhile, has ordered provincial governments to fix forces, equipment and H2O trucks to assist in countries worst affected by the drouth. ( Wilson ) The Asiatic Disaster Preparedness Center, which is scheduled to keep a crises meeting in Bangkok following month, has warned that El Ni O will worsen the fiscal crisis that is already pounding Thailand and several other Southeast Asiatic states. ( Katcher ) El Ni o eventually hit northern California with swamping rains and coastal inundations over he weekend and meteorologists said that on Tuesday the part was set to have more impacts of unsmooth conditions this hebdomad. After months of listening to doom-and-gloom anticipations about the likely effects of El Ni O, occupants in the San Francisco Bay country were treated to a show of the conditions phenomenon # 8217 ; s might when heavy rains snarled traffic and raised frights of mudslides in hilly countries. Forecasters said the rains along the California seashore were influenced by El Ni O, a warm-water mass off the seashore of South America that has powered climatological displacements across the Earth. ( Wilson ) It appears that many people in the Midwest are overlooking El Ni O. They likely think that merely as long that El Ni o isn T impacting us in any truly bad ways, they shouldn t worry about it. I think what comes about, must travel around. In the spring and in the summer we will see highly low temperatures. These could impact us by killing off many agricultural merchandises and making really low or no net incomes for the midwest husbandmans. The opposite effects of El Ni O could besides happen. The remarkably cold temperatures could happen in the late summer and early autumn, which would ensue in a immense loss of harvests. The same could besides go on to another state that we depend on for purchasing a peculiar merchandise. If that happens to another state s merchandise, so we would hold to pay a batch more for the same merchandise. Therefore I think we should set more attempt into foretelling El Ni os. I think we could look back in to the past records of serious conditions storms and seek to happen a form to the El Ni O. If we could make that, we could break predict El Ni O and salvage many lives and much money. If we save could salvage money and lives, I think we should be willing to pay any monetary value to foretell El Ni os better. I think that if we work hard plenty, we could obtain the engineering and we would be able to better foretell the El Ni O. Then if the temperature was traveling to drop in the first portion of spring, we could wait until it was over to works our harvests. Or if the temperature was traveling to drop subsequently in the summer husbandmans could reap the harvests earlier. If my program isn T accepted, El Ni O will go on to destruct personal and Federal belongings. El Ni O will besides go on to kill 1000s of people every clip it occurs. If my program is recognized amendss to belongings and deceases may still happen, but it will significantly cut down the figure. We will be able to foretell the effects and better prepare for it. Allen, Jane. El Nino. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.quest.arc.nasa.gov/topex/QA/What_ Causes_El_Nino.txt. Arbarbanel, Henry. El Nino. 11 January 1998. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.abcnews com. Fullmer, Brent. El Ninos Energy. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.umassd.edu/Public? Kamaral /thesis/ElNino/Energy.htm. Jarvinen, Brian. El Nino. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dir.ucar.edu/esig/currents.html. Johnson, Christina. A Brief History of El Nino. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.elnino.com. Katcher, Oliver. El Ninos Size. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.enn.com/special reports/el/nino/size/index.htm. Livezey, Robert. El Nino. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wcco.com/news/enso. Neely, Vivan. Results of El Nino. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.vision.net.au/ daly/elnino/results.htm. Weisser, Pete. El Ninos of the Past. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.broadcast.webpoint.com/ tic/elnino/elninohistory.htm. Wilson, Robert. Water Picture Normal-So Far. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ogp.noaa.gov/enso. Outline Theme Statement: El Ni os happen about every twosome of old ages, and each twelvemonth they are blamed for infinite deceases and one million millions of dollars in harm. When the engineering came out, we developed package to foretell twisters, hurricanes, and most other natural catastrophes. Now we must set more attempt into foretelling strong and destructive El Ni os. I. History of El Ni O A. What is El Ni O B. Naming of El Ni O C. Past El Ni os II. Theoretical Causes of El Ni O A. Southern Oscillation B. Global Warming III. Effectss of El Ni O A. Hurricanes B. Rainfall C. Other Catastrophes IV. Solutions A. Recognize the El Ni O B. What we should make C. What will go on A. If we accept my program B. If we don t accept my program

American Verna Essays - Hindu Law, Caste, Social Status, Varna

American Verna Essays - Hindu Law, Caste, Social Status, Varna American Verna The American Verna Why is that humans were able to practically take over their environment and leave all other animal species far behind in the race of survival? Not many would argue that we were able to do so just because we can walk upright and we have unspecialized teeth. In fact, humans are capable of many things that separate us from the animals. Our far most important trait is the ability to analyze and comprehend complex subject matters. From that we can learn, understand and communicate with one another so we could accomplish things as a group, a group which one day became so complex that without structure and laws, chaos would preside. In our times, we see many distinct cultures where each has its own way of organizing and way of keeping its people in harmony. Although most of the world is leaning towards democracy, there are few nations who believe in the ancient ways. One of the most controversial civilizations studied is the Indian civilization, which developed and flourished as early as 70 00 B.C.E. The controversy rises from a harsh though well-thought classification of people due to their skin color and other physical characteristics. To democratic America this may sound a bit horrifying although some even argue that the United States maintains some sort of a caste system perhaps even as harsh as the one in India. This idea can surely be proven wrong through a close comparison of the Indian social structure and the American freedom. A false conclusion should not be made that there is no sort of a caste system in America, but one that is not as rigid nor providing social importance as the one in Ancient Indian culture. The way a culture develops and evolves plays a major role of how the system would stand. As explained later, there are few theories of how and why a caste system is created, but all studied caste systems have common foundations. One common issue is that there are physical differences between each caste whether they associate with the way a person can perform activities or not. However, a major difference is how the separate classes serve and correlate with one another. Manu, one of the earliest rulers of India, wrote a description of the Indian social structure. The Law of Manu consists of a brief explanation of what are the objectives and duties of each Indian class, also know as Varna. Even though the lower castes were involved in more physical obligations, it clearly shows that the upper classes were also involved in someway of serving the lower classes: Teaching, studying performing sacrificial rites, so too making others perform sacrificial rites, and giving away and receiving gifts- these he assigned to the [Brahmins]. Protection of the people, giving away of wealth, performance of sacrificial rites, study, and nonattachment to sensual pleasures- these are, in short, are the duties of the kshatriya. Tending to cattle, giving away of wealth, performance of sacrificial rites, study, trade and commerce, usury, and agriculture- these are the occupations of the Vaisya. The lord has prescribed only one occupation [karma] for a Sudra, namely, service without malice of even these other three classes. Within the Indian culture, there is a great level of interaction between the different classes, unlike in the early United States, where Americans imported an entire society and forced them to serve as their lower class. The slaves were treated with unbearable conditions, which made them develop hate and the need to revolt. The aftermath of the civil war included the abolishment of slavery though racism still plays a major role. Just the fact that there was a need for a revolution shows how negatively based the American system became. Lower classes wanted to climb the social ladder and are now able to do so. In Indian societies the movement up the hierarchy is not as simple as getting your education and working a good job. In fact, the concept of changing ones Varna during his lifetime was unheard of. In order to get bumped up the Indians had to follow the Dharma which is described as a law regulating human behavior and imposes different requirements on different individual depending on their

Free Essays on Affirmative Action Term Paper

Affirmative Action Term Paper â€Å"Progress was all right; only it went on too long.† -James Thurber When the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed Affirmative Action was a necessary measure to promote equality in society. In those trying times minorities and women were legitimately discriminated against. A lot has changed since 1964. Women and minorities now hold positions of power in colleges and large corporations, have a voice at all levels of government, and are presented with every opportunity offered to â€Å"the majority†. Other states should follow in the footsteps of California, and remove affirmative action legislation in order to create a society that truly does not discriminate on the basis of sex, creed, color, or national origin. I firmly believe that skin color and sex should not be a factor in school admissions practices or hiring of employees. Unfortunately, minorities are still given preferential treatment on school admissions, employment, and scholarship opportunities. John Rawls and the Sophists philosophical ideas help shed light onto the issue of a ffirmative action. Their philosophies give much insight on an individuals claim to equality and liberty. Title Seven of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as amended by the Executive Order of 1967 provided the initial basis for affirmative action in the United States. Title seven prohibits discrimination in the workplace on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC) was created to enforce Title Seven. Title Seven was given even greater strength by the Equal Opportunity Act of 1972, which increased the coverage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and increased the enforcement powers of the EEOC. The Civil Service Commission was established from The Equal Opportunity Act of 1972 to review and approve equal opportunity plans and to monitor the progress of federal agencies in achieving equal opp... Free Essays on Affirmative Action Term Paper Free Essays on Affirmative Action Term Paper Affirmative Action Term Paper â€Å"Progress was all right; only it went on too long.† -James Thurber When the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed Affirmative Action was a necessary measure to promote equality in society. In those trying times minorities and women were legitimately discriminated against. A lot has changed since 1964. Women and minorities now hold positions of power in colleges and large corporations, have a voice at all levels of government, and are presented with every opportunity offered to â€Å"the majority†. Other states should follow in the footsteps of California, and remove affirmative action legislation in order to create a society that truly does not discriminate on the basis of sex, creed, color, or national origin. I firmly believe that skin color and sex should not be a factor in school admissions practices or hiring of employees. Unfortunately, minorities are still given preferential treatment on school admissions, employment, and scholarship opportunities. John Rawls and the Sophists philosophical ideas help shed light onto the issue of affirmative action. Their philosophies give much insight on an individuals claim to equality and liberty. Title Seven of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 as amended by the Executive Order of 1967 provided the initial basis for affirmative action in the United States. Title seven prohibits discrimination in the workplace on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. The Equal Employment Opportunities Commission (EEOC) was created to enforce Title Seven. Title Seven was given even greater strength by the Equal Opportunity Act of 1972, which increased the coverage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and increased the enforcement powers of the EEOC. The Civil Service Commission was established from The Equal Opportunity Act of 1972 to review and approve equal opportunity plans and to monitor the progress of federal agencies in achieving equal opp...

Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Research Proposal Example Cultural diversity is a serious problem in the learning process. The most common problem arises from the behavior of the learner in the class. For instance, students from different cultural backgrounds have unique behavioral patterns (Gay, 2010). Students have diverse learning styles. Learners who are forced to use specific learning styles that they are not acquainted with might develop some level of dissatisfaction. Teaching a frustrated student has proved to be quite cumbersome (Gay, 2002). Academic performance is varied among students. An open comparison between academically weak students and those who are bright may also lead to a sense of being dejected (Gay, 2002). The bright students may develop superiority complex and consequently affect the attentiveness of others in class if the teacher does not take care to make sure that there is a balanced approach in the classroom. As such, there have been proposals to come up with various models that teachers may use as a guide to cult ural approach in lessons. Amongst the proposals is that teaching and learning institutions should consider adopting principles of professional learning to prepare culturally responsible teachers. For example, there have been calls for professional learning to be one that is concerned with improving learning within a diverse, multicultural community. Such proposals also add, amongst other things, that the outcomes and content ought to take into consideration the concept of diversity. Statement of General Aims and Objectives The aim of the proposed study is to find out how cultural diversity affects learning outcomes. It is also the aim of this study to find out whether a teacher who has been trained on how to incorporate cultural diversity in the lessons is likely to register improved learning outcomes. To do so, the study will majorly be based on analyzing various professional opinions and other scholarly research on the same topic. Most importantly, the study will focus on the exte nt teacher-learner cultural differences may affect learning outcomes of learners at different levels of education. The information obtained and the findings will be used to assess how learners’ learning outcomes may be improved through a culturally sensitive approach that takes care of everyone’s interest on board. Specifically, the following research questions will be addressed: 1. Does cultural responsive pedagogy lead to student achievement? The research question will support the problem solving aim of the study in the following ways. First, the research question will prompt the assessment of learning methodologies in relation to the philosophy of education. The philosophy of education will then be analyzed through the prism of modern world where diversity has become quite unalienable from many social quarters. The study will them seek to answer the research question a series of analyses that assess learners actual outcomes and perceptions about cultural element in the learning environment. Literature Review Cultural issues in education have become quite common in the current world where technological and scientific advances have made the world a global village. A research done by Kana‘iaupuni et al. (2010) sought to find out culture-based education and its relationship to student outcomes among Native Hawaiian students. The study was conducted in the state’

Social Responsibility and Governance Research Paper

Social Responsibility and Governance - Research Paper Example The paradigm shift in the affairs of Trans-National Corporations of moving from corporate philanthropy to corporate social responsibility began in the 1990s. CSR and globalization, though theoretically miles apart, are in practice complementary to each other with their roles, at times, overlapping. In this report, we carried out a review of the literature to prove the hypothesis that CSR is a key issue in globalization. All authors studied are of the view that CSR is currently playing an important role in the conduct of global business. The larger is the size of a company, the greater is the onus on it for taking up a socially responsible role. According to Kotler and Lee (2005), corporate social responsibility includes those set of voluntary business practices and contributions that a company makes to improve community well-being. Community, here, refers to buyers, suppliers, employees and the social milieu, the company operates in. CSR also stands for operating and exceeding ethical, legal commercial and public expectations of business. For a business to be socially responsible, it is important that its practices and processes should have positive outcomes on the community. CSR is driven by the ‘moral marketplace factor’ creating increased mortality in choices made by consumers, investors, and employees (Hess, Rogovasky, and Dunfee quoted in Kotler and Lee, 2005). Companies value being perceived as good citizens and good corporate citizens. The importance of corporate social responsibility, today, is such that any large corporation can ill-afford to ignore. CSR is about wealth creation by making products and delivering services that are sustainable socially and environmentally. Advantages of CSR extend beyond immediate profit-making and bring long-term multiple benefits. Prior to the current state of globalization, corporate social responsibility was restricted to  philanthropic causes.

Application of CATs in a nursing course Research Paper

Application of CATs in a nursing course - Research Paper Example k, Teacher-Designed Feedback Forms, Group Instructional Feedback Technique, and Classroom Assessment Quality Circles, offers a means for assessment of the student reactions to the teacher and the teaching style of the teacher. The second group of techniques namely Recall, Summarize, Question, Comment, and Connect (RSQC2), Group-Work Evaluations, Reading Rating Sheets, and Assignment Assessments, instead focuses the assessment on the reactions of the students to the activities, assignments, and materials used in the learning environment (Angelo). The essential purpose of Chain Notes is to provide the limited information of the level of engagement and involvement of the students to a particular teaching activity. The Electronic Mail Feedback serves the purpose of providing a channel of communication through which information can be gathered on the basis of the answers provided by the students to questions posed to them. Teacher Designed Feedback Forms provide an easy and quick means to get focused information from students. There are three questions that are central to the efficiency of learning in classrooms namely what students think is aiding their learning process, what are the obstacles in the learning process, and what are the specific suggestions they have to offer for making the learning process more efficient. The Group Instructional Feedback Technique provides a means for teachers to find answers to these questions. Classroom Assessment Quality Circles serve two purposes. The first is that they are the means through which student assessment feedback on their class lesions, readings, exams, and major assignments can be collected. The second purpose lies in the role that it can play in providing a structured and positive means for students play a more active role in the learning activities in the classrooms (Angelo). RSCQ2 technique permits the comparison the ability to recall, understand, and evaluate a class session. It is also capable of informing the

Importance of Communication Skills Essay

Importance of Communication Skills Essay Communication is very important for all beings. Animals and humans, alike, use their own separate languages to communicate with one another, because no one can survive without communicating. Communication skills are a part of the spoken and written language. These are the extra factors, which complete a communication process. Communication refers to the exchange of thoughts and ideas with the intention of conveying information. Communication is a two way street that includes vocalization as well as gesticulation. The purpose of communication is to convey ones beliefs, ideas, thoughts or needs with clarity so as to reach a consensus or a mutually acceptable solution. The importance of communication skills cannot be underestimated. It has been known, that long before when language was yet to be invented, people used hand gestures, body language etc to converse with one another. Good communication skills are necessary in all walks of life. The lack of effective communication skills has a negative impact on the personal as well as professional life of a person. Good communication skills are a prerequisite for professionals, in all walks of life. For example: Ineffective communication, rather than incompetence, precludes the doctor from conveying to the patient that the former has the best interests of the patient in mind. For instance, a doctor may be knowledgeable and may have considerable expertise in his area of work. However, a patient may feel neglected or ignored if the doctor is not particularly good at communicating. The disillusioned patient may also consider getting a second opinion. A simple miscommunication, especially when a one is ill, makes one feel awful. A good health care provider, who is able to put patients at ease with a few comforting gestures and words, will definitely be an asset to any hospital. A teacher, who is able to communicate well with students, can inspire them to learn and participate in class. Workplace communication can be improved by participating in a facilitated workshop. A workshop facilitator needs to be able to communicate. Without effective communication, even the goal of workshop facilitation cannot be realized. The facilitator needs to be able to identity dormant participants and encourage them to come forth with their views without seeming overly patronizing. All this is impossible unless the facilitator has astounding communication abilities coupled with a natural empathy towards fellow beings. Good communication skills are an invaluable asset to a sales person also, since he/she is entrusted with the task of convincing the prospective buyer about the wisdom of investing in a product. This is done by assessing the needs of the buyer and suggesting a product that would meet the buyers requirements. The product may offer a vast array of easy to use features that would definitely help in improving the quality of life of the user. Who is better to convince the buyer, about the multitude of features that the product has to offer, than a salesperson with a flair for words! While the importance of verbal communication cannot be underestimated, one cannot do away or ignore written communication. A simple billboard, carrying a well written message, manages to hold our attention at a crossing. Authors have been mesmerizing voracious readers by the power of their words. The enthralled reader flips through the pages, reading well into the night, without giving much thought to the mode of communication. The above examples would have clearly illustrated the importance of communication skills. Communication does not refer only to articulating words. Using sign language and the sense of touch to express and feel are also important modes of communication. Ultimately, communication should be effective. As long as there is clarity in communication, the goal of communication will be accomplished. There are several ways, through which a person, can enhance their communication skills. And people require these extra methods, to grow and improve their existing language. Some techniques are that, People can attend workshops, or they can read about the topic. Certain authors have come up with self help books, which make the task of understanding the concept very simple. And people, can practice, skills like writing etc. This will allow them to improve their written language and communication skills. Communication skills are a required for maintaining relationships also. When with friends and relatives, good communication skills are needed to avoid confusion, miss-communication and fights etc So, effective communication skills are very important, for sustaining in the society. Most people judge another person on the basis of his/her body language and form an opinion based on their perception. Hence, effective communication skills are as important to humans as, growling is to a dog, to communicate and express himself. What the spoken language fails to express ,that is easily expressed with certain hand and facial gestures. IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS If all my possessions were taken from me with one exception, I would hope to keep my power of communication for by it I would regain all the rest. Woody Allen WHAT IS COMMUNICATION Communication is the method by which people share their ideas, information, opinions and feelings. People sharing ideas, information, opinions and feelings may contribute to the operations of teams and the work of individuals. Communication is a two-way activity between two or more people. There are various modes of communication, some of which are used more commonly in some workplaces than others. Transfer of information and knowledge from source to receiver. Its the process by which the sender/ source reaches the receiver/ destination with thoughts, ideas, feelings, facts values. Successful communication is said to be accomplished when the receiver not only receives the message but also accept, interpret and use it in the manner intended by the source Communication is the art of transmitting information, ideas and attitudes from one person to another. Communication is the process of meaningful interaction among human beings. ITS ESSENCES: PERSONAL PROCESS OCCURS BETWEEN PEOPLE INVOLVES CHANGE IN BEHAVIOUR MEANS TO INFLUENCE OTHERS EXPRESSION OF THOUGHTS AND EMOTIONS THROUGH WORDS AND ACTIONS. TOOLS FOR CONTROLLING AND MOTIVATING PEOPLE. IT IS A SOCIAL AND EMOTIONAL PROCESS Communication is the most important way of expressing any feeling towards any person or thing. There are various forms of verbal and non verbal communication. Human evolved in life through communicating his thinking and understanding others point of view. Communication help people relate, interact, understand, believe and get connected to others. Globalization is also a result of communication. Communication is required everywhere, be it business, personal life, entertainment or for knowledge. Communication can be a one way or a two way process, depending on the way people react. For instance, some times while a teacher is trying to interact with the students, students dont respond, therefore, although it was to be a two way communication it has became a one way communication process. Communication as already talked about helps in gaining knowledge, interacting with other communities, and provides entertainment. The various forms of entertainment through communication are: novels, newspapers, bulletins, online interactions, watching TV, talk shows, etc. According to me the best way of communication is reading, this helps you gain knowledge, helps you invest your time with yourself and is also a means of entertainment. If a person wants to gain knowledge then he can approach to some biographies, or newspapers or magazines. This will help the person know the world around him in a better manner. For some more people who want both can go for fiction or again biographies as in a biography you try to live the life of another person which will for sure provide you the insight and entertain you for time being. In recent days I was reading a few short stories of Manto  [1]  , who has written them in order to give his point of view and his experiences at the time of Indo-Pakistan partition. His stories informed me a lot about the kind of people living in India, their mindset and their liking and disliking. I was to some extend able to relate to all those stories. One of the most terrific story was The Assignment it is a story about a Muslim boy who comes to a Hindu family to give them a pack of sweets as his father has asked him to do so on the eve of some Hindu festival. The Hindu family is very afraid of the man but finally allows him in. the boy give the pack of sweets to them and goes away, and after him comes a huge crowd which burn this family to a crisp. There was another short story about the people in army, at the point of partition they were asked to go to the country according to their religions, some did but others did not. In this chaos were two real brothers one remained in India and the other went to Pakistan. After a few years a war broke between the two countries and both these brothers were standing in front of each other, giving the order for the battle. One of the brother died on the spot, and the other dig his grave, there it self and carried on with his work. These kinds of stories help you understand what the scenario of the people was at that point in time. According to me, reading helps one gain imaginations power and it is a self depended thing, for watching TV its a must that some good thing is coming on it, and you do need electricity. Communication is the articulation of sending a message through different media, whether it be verbal or nonverbal, so long as a being transmits a thought provoking idea, gesture, action, etc. Communication is a learned skill. Most babies are born with the physical ability to make sounds, but must learn to speak and communicate effectively. Speaking, listening, and our ability to understand verbal and nonverbal meanings are skills we develop in various ways. We learn basic communication skills by observing other people and modeling our behaviors based on what we see. We also are taught some communication skills directly through education, and by practicing those skills and having them evaluate COMMUNICATION OCCURS BETWEEN HUMANS THROUGH: SPEECH Evolution of the brain differentiated humans from animals, as among other things it allowed humans to master a very efficient form of communication speech. SYMBOLS The imperfection of speech, which nonetheless allowed easier dissemination of ideas and stimulated inventions, eventually resulted in the creation of new forms of communications, improving both the range at which people could communicate and the longevity of the information. All of those inventions were based on the key concept of the symbol: a conventional representation of a concept. CAVE PAINTINGS The oldest known symbols created with the purpose of communication through time are the cave paintings, a form of rock art, dating to the Upper Paleolithic. Just as the small child first learns to draw before it masters more complex forms of communication, so homo sapiens first attempts at passing information through time took the form of paintings. PICTOGRAMS A pictogram (pictograph) is a symbol representing a concept, object, activity, place or event by illustration. Pictography is a form of proto-writing whereby ideas are transmitted through drawing. IDEOGRAMS Pictograms, in turn, evolved into ideograms, graphical symbols that represent an idea. Their ancestors, the pictograms, could represent only something resembling their form: therefore a pictogram of a circle could represent a sun, but not concepts like heat, light, day or Great God of the Sun. Ideograms, on the other hand, could convey more abstract concepts, so that for example an ideogram of two sticks can mean not only legs but also a verb to walk. WRITING The oldest-known forms of writing were primarily logographic in nature, based on pictographic and ideographic elements. Most writing systems can be broadly divided into three categories: logographic, syllabic and alphabetic (or segmental); however, all three may be found in any given writing system in varying proportions, often making it difficult to categorise a system uniquely. Communication can often be improved by identifying the appropriate media. Written, verbal or electronic methods, while impersonal, are fast and can be effective. Meetings, interviews and video conferencing require personal, face to face communication and thus interpersonal skills. Telephone and public address systems should be used only where personal communication methods are difficult. Written communication is very often the most suitable and clearest means of communication and can take many forms: memoranda; occasional or annual reports (fundamental in communicating accounting information); forms; notices; house journals and other forms of standard documentation such as rules and procedures, manuals and job descriptions. Visual communication is a powerful communication media and is often overlooked. Charts, slides, videos or films provide an immediate and clear message. Electronic means of communication are increasingly becoming more relevant. Document imaging, telex, fax, the Internet and e-mail are instantaneous and provide clear and fast communication possibilities. The type of communication and the medium used will depend to a greater or lesser extent on organizational structure. This will in turn be a function of the product or service and its environment. There are many forms of communication within an organization, formal and informal. Generally, in formal organizations information flows through quite clear channels and in defined directions. Traditionally, the direction of the three main information flows is downward, upward and lateral. CONCLUSION Good communication is as stimulating as black coffee, and just as hard to sleep after. The colossal misunderstanding of our times is the assumption that insight will work with people who are unmotivated to change. Communication does not depend on syntax, or eloquence, or rhetoric, or articulation; but on the emotional context in which the message is being heard. People can only hear you when they are moving toward you, and they are not likely to when your words are pursuing them. Even the choicest words lose their power when they are used to overpower. Attitudes are the real figures of speech. Some proverbs When people talk, listen completely. Most people never listen The problem with communication is the illusion that is has been accomplished. The right to be heard does not automatically include the right to be taken seriously. Communication works for those who work at it. John Powell

Magnetic Anisotropy Of Fine Particles :: essays research papers

"Magnetic Anisotropy Of Fine Particles" In nature, single domain particles are magnetized to saturation, where the magnetization has an easy axis, or several easy axes, along which it prefers to lie. In this case the total internal energy is minimum. Rotation of the magnetization vector away from the easy axis is possible only by applying an external magnetic field. This phenomenon is called magnetic anisotropy. Thus, the term magnetic anisotropy describe the dependence of the internal energy on the direction of magnetization of the particle. The energy term of this kind is called a magnetic anisotropy energy. Generally it has the same symmetry as the crystal structure of the particle material, and we call it a magnetocrystalline anisotropy or crystal anisotropy . This kind of anisotropy is due mainly to spin-orbit coupling . For instance, we consider an anisotropy that is uniaxial in symmetry. In this case, one of the simplest expressions of the magnetic anisotropy energy is Ea=KaVsin2 , where is the angle between the magnetization vector and the symmetry axis of the particle, V is the volume of the particle, and Ka is the anisotropy energy per unit volume or the anisotropy constant. The srength of the anisotropy in any particular crystal is measured by the magnitude of the anisotropy constants. Consider a specimen of fine particles having no preferred orientation of its particles. If we have spherical particles, there will be no shape anisotropy, and the same applied field will magnetize it to the same extent in any direction. But if it is a nonspherical particles, the magnetization vector will not necessarily lie along an easy crystallographic axis, but rather along an axis whose demagnetizating field is a minimum. This is called shape anisotropy and was proposed by (1947). In real systems, there is always a particle size and shape distributions as well as a distribution of particle enviroments, depending on the topology of the system (e.